Governor Baker signed into law a bill regulating and taxing short-term rentals. The timeline for implementation of the law will pose significant challenges for Realtors® conducting short-term rentals in 2019.
We have assembled a detailed chart highlighting the components of the law as well as some Frequently Asked Questions. In addition, we have added new forms and updated the Massachusetts Association of REALTORS’ Short-Term Rental Lease. CCIAOR will discontinue the use of their short-term rental lease and all real estate brokerages that were using that are encouraged to move to the MAR lease.
New documents to use with Short-Term Rentals:
MAR Short-Term Rental Lease (replaces the CCIAOR short-term lease)
Insurance Disclosure to Homeowners
We will be working as quickly as possible to integrate these forms in to the online forms libraries on Zipforms, DotLoop, Transaction Desk, etc.
Your Association of REALTORS worked for more than a decade successfully advocating for the defeat of these new taxes. It is only after the shift to the “sharing economy” and the impact of online portals that legislation was passed. Throughout the debate, the Cape Cod & Islands Association of REALTORS and the Massachusetts Association of REALTORS saw wins influencing and shaping the legislation.
The table below explains the new law in detail. Contact CCIAOR CEO Ryan Castle at rcastle@cciaor.com or (508) 957-4300 with any questions.
CCIAOR will provide additional education opportunities to learn about the new law and tax collection and remittance when regulations are finalized from the Department of Revenue.
| EFFECTIVE DATE | For stays starting July 1, 2019 that are booked January 1, 2019 or later. If a lease was signed prior to January 1st, no tax is due. |
| REGISTRATION | Each rental unit will need to be listed with the state short-term rental registry. Additionally, each city and town is permitted to create a registration requirement for short term rentals. Check with your municipal government office for details. |
| DURATION OF STAY | For any stays of 31 days or less *Tenancy at will exempted |
| TAX RATE | State Tax: 5.7% (Note: the law says 5%, but a 1964 law amended the state amount to 5.7% from 5%)Local Tax: up to 6% (Click HERE for a list of the current tax rate in each town)
Cape Cod & Islands Water Protection Fund: 2.75% Community Impact Fee: up to 3% |
| TAX COLLECTION & REMITTANCE | The law requires whoever collects payment for the rental to collect the tax and remit it to the Commonwealth. The Department of Revenue will issue regulations to clarify how often the tax should be remitted to the Department.The law requires regulations to minimize the administrative burden on tax filings for those who only rent their unit five (5) months or less each year. This will be addressed in subsequent Department of Revenue regulations. |
| INSURANCE | Every home owner that rents out their property must carry not less than $1 million of liability coverage for each stay unless the hosting platform provides equal or greater coverage. Coverage shall defend and indemnify the operator and any tenants or owners in the building for bodily injury and property damage arising from the short-term rental. However, if the hosting platform (the real estate brokerage, HomeAway, Airbnb, etc.) can elect to provide the coverage for their properties on behalf of the owner.Real estate brokerages, acting as hosting platforms and intermediaries, have to provide notice to the owner of the insurance requirement. The Massachusetts Association of REALTORS has created an Insurance Disclosure form for REALTORS to use with the owners of properties they handle short-term rentals for to disclose the insurance requirement. The best practice is to get every homeowner to sign this disclosure. |
| Exemptions | The tax imposed by the new law does not apply to properties rented for fewer than fourteen (14) days per calendar year. It is important to note that these properties are still subject to the other requirements of the law, such as insurance and registration and these properties must file a notice with the Department of Regulation saying they will only rent for less than 14 days and will be responsible for paying the taxes themselves if rented for more than 14 days and did not collect it for the first 14 days. A real estate brokerage can use this 14-day Disclosure Form for any owner intending to rent their property for less than 14 days per year. |
| INSPECTIONS & ADDITIONAL REGULATIONS | Cities and towns may implement a health and safety inspection requirement and set the frequency of inspections. Short-term rental operators are required to cover the cost of inspections and will likely face a fee to cover registration costs as well. |
What does this new law require?
The new law expands the state’s hotel and motel tax to include the short-term rental of homes (condominiums, single family, multifamily, etc.). Massachusetts is one of the last states to adopt this type of tax. The tax applies to all rentals for a period of 31 days or less, regardless of whether the rental is for recreational, personal, or business use. At the insistence of MAR, the new law only applies to short-term rentals, meaning ordinary tenancies, such as an annual lease or a tenancy-at-will, are not covered by this bill.
Tax Structure
The short-term rental rate varies by locality and is the total of the following rates:
State: 5.7%
Local: up to 6% (Boston 6.5%)
Cape Cod & Islands: includes additional 2.75% to fund Cape Cod and Islands Water Protection Fund
*Barnstable County towns are automatically opted in to this under the law; Dukes County and Nantucket are not automatically opted in.
A community impact fee of up to 3% may be assessed locally on professionally managed properties (Owners of two or more units in one town) if the town at a vote of their legislative body votes in the fee. As of now, no town has passed this fee.
The law requires regulations to minimize the administrative burden on tax filings for those who only rent their unit five (5) months or less each year.
Are there any exemptions in the law?
The tax imposed by the new law does not apply to properties rented for fewer than fourteen (14) days per calendar year. It is important to note that these properties are still subject to the other requirements of the law, such as insurance and registration.
When will this law take effect?
July 1, 2019
What about the 2019 rentals I already booked?
The law exempts from tax any 2019 rental that is booked on or before December 31, 2018. Rentals booked on or after January 1, 2019 for stays on or after July 1, 2019 will be subject to the tax. We anticipate that the Department of Revenue will issue guidance on how to handle the tax on bookings made on or after January 1, 2019.
Does this apply to the units I rent?
As stated above, the new law applies to all rentals for a period of 31 days or less. Ordinary rentals, such as an annual lease or a tenancy-at-will are not covered. The new law applies regardless of whether the owner rents the property themselves, hires a Realtor® to rent the property, or uses an online platform to facilitate the rental.
Do I need to collect the tax?
Most likely, yes. The law requires intermediaries (which includes Realtors® who post the property for rent online) who enter into a written agreement with the owner or operator to collect rent or facilitate the collection or payment of rent on behalf of the operator to collect and remit the tax. The Department of Revenue will issue regulations to clarify how often the tax should be remitted to the Department. This also means that a Realtor® who does not collect or facilitate the collection of rent on behalf of the owner or operator does not need to collect and remit the tax.
Do I need to carry insurance for the listed properties?
No. Although part of earlier versions of the legislation, the final law does not include a requirement that Realtors® provide any liability insurance for listed properties. This requirement was removed due to the advocacy of MAR. Owners, however, are required to maintain $1 million dollars in liability insurance to cover each short-term rental. Realtors® should be sure to confirm that any property they list for rent is properly insured by the owner. The coverage is required to defend and indemnify the owner or operator and any tenants in the building for bodily injury and property damage. Realtors® may elect to offer insurance coverage as part of their services but are not required to.
Before offering a property for short-term rentals, a hosting platform (including Realtors®) must provide notice to the owner or operator that standard homeowners or renters insurance may not cover property damage or bodily injury to a third-party arising from the short-term rental.
Do the properties need to be registered with the state or city/town?
Each rental unit will need to be listed with the state short-term rental registry. Additionally, each city and town is permitted to create a registration requirement for short term rentals. Check with your municipal government office for details.
Are there any inspections required?
Cities and towns may implement a health and safety inspection requirement and set the frequency of inspections. Short-term rental operators are required to cover the cost of inspections and will likely face a fee to cover registration costs as well.
What are some best practices I can apply as the new law gets implemented?
Realtors® would be wise to disclose to prospective renters that any booking made on or after January 1, 2019 may be subject to a tax and that the tax rate may change before the rental period. Realtors® may want to postpone the collection of rent until the community tax rates are finalized.
Develop a policy to verify the number of units owned by each client in a municipality and that those units are properly insured.
